How Does Ion Exchange Work in Water Treatment?
Ion exchange is a widely used chemical process in water treatment that removes undesirable ions from water by replacing them with more acceptable ones. This exchange occurs through ion exchange resins: small, porous beads made of cross-linked organic polymers with functional groups that facilitate ion exchange reactions. The process is essential for water softening, contaminant […]
Reverse Osmosis Storage Tanks Explained
A reverse osmosis tank is a hydropneumatic pressurized storage container designed to hold purified water produced by a reverse osmosis (RO) water filtration system, making fresh filtered water available on demand. Because RO membranes filter water slowly, often less than one gallon per hour, the storage tank acts as a buffer. It collects and pressurizes […]
Cooling Tower Drift Eliminators Explained
Cooling tower drift eliminators are specialized devices designed to significantly reduce the carryover of water droplets from the exhaust air of cooling towers. Understanding and managing drift is essential for retaining valuable treatment chemicals, preventing corrosion, maintaining compliance with environmental regulations, and minimizing microbial risks such as Legionella spread. By effectively controlling drift, these components […]
Commercial Water Softener Installation Guide
Commercial water softener installation requires precise planning to handle high water volumes in hotels, food plants, healthcare buildings, laundries, commercial kitchens, and institutional facilities. A correctly installed commercial water softener system protects equipment and reduces operating costs. In general, a commercial water softener system handles about 20–300 GPM per train, while industrial systems may exceed […]
Cooling Tower Components and Their Functions
Cooling towers are heat exchangers that remove excess heat from industrial processes or commercial HVAC systems by evaporating a small part of the water into the atmosphere. As such, they depend on multiple mechanical, structural, electrical, as well as water-contact components working together. Understanding each of the cooling tower parts helps diagnose scale, corrosion, fouling, […]
Water Quality Control in Beverage Production
Water is both a fundamental ingredient and an essential resource for utility in beverage production. Its quality directly influences the beverage, by impacting taste, safety, consistent product quality, shelf life, and compliance with regulatory requirements. Understanding the nuances of water quality control in beverage production is crucial for ensuring food safety and producing high-quality beverages. […]
What Is a Closed Loop Water System?
In a closed loop water system, the same water is continuously used instead of being discharged after one use, unlike in an open loop system. This is done with minimal makeup, through a sealed circuit for heating, cooling, or process duties. Common examples include chilled water loops, hot water heating system loops, and industrial process […]
Legionella Treatment Methods for Building Water Systems
Key Takeaways Legionella treatment is a discipline for potable water systems, cooling towers, hot tubs, evaporative condensers, and other building water sources to kill existing bacteria and prevent them from multiplying to dangerous levels. Legionella bacteria, primarily Legionella pneumophila, are the causative agents of Legionnaires’ disease. Untreated or poorly controlled systems can contribute to community-acquired […]
Glycol Mixtures: Concentration and Performance
A glycol mixture is a critical part of many industrial cooling systems, HVAC systems, and chiller systems. Operators rely on a glycol mixture as a heat transfer fluid to move heat, maintain stable temperature, and provide freeze protection during low temperatures and winter operation. In practice, glycol is not just antifreeze. The glycol mixture concentration, […]
Water Engineering in Industrial Systems
Water engineering is the foundation of how modern industrial systems manage water supply, treatment, and reuse. While the term often sounds academic, water engineering in practice is what allows facilities to maintain reliable operations, protect equipment, and meet regulatory standards. For operators, water engineering is not about theory. It is about how water moves, how […]
